![]() Limitations include that a single social media platform and a single medical condition were assessed. In the case of r/STD, requests for crowd-diagnoses were frequent, with most receiving a reply within hours, and many of these requests were for second opinions after obtaining an original diagnosis from a health care professional. The median time for the first response was 3.04 hours (range, 59 seconds to 8.8 weeks), and 79% of requests (95% CI, 74%-84%) were answered in less than 1 day. Examples of posts obtained from r/STD are in the Table.Įighty-seven percent (95% CI, 83%-91%) of all posts requesting a crowd-diagnosis received a reply (mean responses, 1.7 ). Of those requesting a crowd-diagnosis, 20% (95% CI, 15%-24%) did so to obtain a second opinion after receiving a previous diagnosis by a health care professional. There was 80% agreement among all coders on crowd-diagnoses (Cohen κ = 0.73) and 88% agreement on whether the crowd-diagnosis was a request for a second opinion (Cohen κ = 0.53) among an overlapping sample of 50 posts.įifty-eight percent (95% CI, 54%-63%) of posts requested a crowd-diagnosis, of which 31% (95% CI, 26%-36%) included an image of the physical signs. There were 16 979 total posts, 8 in November and December 2010, 2478 in 2017, 3375 in 2018, and 908 in January and February 2019 ( Figure). All analyses adhered to Reddit’s terms and conditions, relied on existing public data with nonidentifiable participants, and were exempted by the University of California, San Diego human research protections program. R statistical software version 3.5.3 (R Foundation) was used to compute the percent of posts (with 95% CIs) that requested a primary or second-opinion crowd-diagnosis, contained an image of the physical signs, or received a reply, and the time to first reply from the random sample. Three authors (A.L.N., E.C.L., and J.W.A.) independently coded whether each post requested a crowd-diagnosis and if so, whether that request was made to obtain a second opinion after seeing a health care professional, using directed content analysis. To quantify the extent to which crowd-diagnosis occurred on r/STD, we drew a random sample of 500 posts. r/STD metadata, including the number of posts and time stamps, were described for the full sample. 6 We first obtained all posts from inception of the subreddit in November 2010 through February 2019. ![]() Reddit, a social media website with 330 million monthly active users that hosts more than 232 health forums, 5 includes a large subreddit (r/STD) that allows users to publicly share “stories, concerns and questions” about “anything and everything STD -related.” We selected r/STD because it focuses exclusively on a health topic of substantial public health concern. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.Your bibliography should output with annotations. For us in MS Word or other word processors, you will want to use the RTF output option. Be sure to choose the Bibliography output mode. You can also select specific items in a folder / collection to create a bibliography from with Create a Bibliography from Items.Ĭhoose Chicago or APA annotated styles (the styles you istalled in step 1). Right-click on the folder / collection name and choose Create a Bibliography from Collection. Step 3: Select the Items for your Bibliography Gather the references into a folder / collection and add annotations by using the Extra: field. To use these styles, you must first download them from the Zotero Style Repository. American Psychological Association, 7th Edition, with Abstract. ![]()
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